Bank of England narrowly votes to cut interest rates to 4% as balancing act continues

The Bank of England cut interest rates from 4.25% to 4% on Thursday as the central bank resumes a “gradual and careful” approach to lowering interest rates.

The BOE was widely expected to trim rates by 25 basis points at its latest monetary policy meeting, but traders and economists were keen to see the breakdown of support for the decision among the bank's policymakers.

As it turned out on Thursday, the nine-member MPC voted by a majority of 5–4 to reduce the key interest rate, the “Bank Rate,” by 25 basis points rather than keeping it on hold. The British pound rose 0.5% against the dollar after the decision, to $1.3424.

Policy makers have had to weigh up sticky inflation — the consumer price index (CPI) rose to a hotter-than-expected 3.6% in June from 3.4% in May — with a cooling jobs market and lackluster growth. The U.K.'s gross domestic product contracted 0.1% month-on-month in May.

In a statement Thursday, the bank said the MPC “remains focused on squeezing out any existing or emerging persistent inflationary pressures, to return inflation sustainably to its 2% target in the medium term.”

The MPC was initially split on reducing or holding interest rates with four members wanting to hold rates, four others voting to cut and one policymaker voting for a larger 50-basis-point cut. The committee then held a second round of voting to arrive at a majority decision to cut rates by 25 basis points.

Despite the divergent views of policymakers at the BOE, economists expect the downward trajectory for interest rates to continue into next year, but the central bank reiterated its cautious approach, noting that “a gradual and careful approach to the further withdrawal of monetary policy restraint remains appropriate.”

The timing and pace of future reductions in the restrictiveness of policy will depend on the extent to which underlying disinflationary pressures continue to ease, the BOE said.

U.K. Chancellor Rachel Reeves said the central bank's fifth interest rate cut since the last general election in July 2024 was “welcome news, helping bring down the cost of mortgages and loans for families and businesses.”

George Brown, senior economist at Schroders, said the latest rate cut was no surprise, but said “the path forward is anything but clear.”

“Jobs, growth and inflation figures all call for different policy prescriptions, as reflected in the unprecedented two rounds of voting needed to reach a majority,” he said in emailed comments.

“Given the uncertainty presented by the conflicting data, the committee is right to stick to its 'gradual and careful' mantra. ”Nervousness about the labour market might prompt another cut in November. But this will be difficult to justify unless disinflation is clearly underway. As such, we think there is a decent chance rates will not fall below the current rate of 4% this year.

Ahead of the rate decision, Ashley Webb, U.K. economist at Capital Economics, forecast that the central bank could loosen its monetary policy even further.

“Despite the unexpected rise in CPI inflation in June, we still think the weakness in the labour market means it's only a matter of time before wage growth and inflation slow to rates consistent with the 2% inflation target. We think the Bank of England will cut interest rates from 4.25% now to 3.00% in 2026, which would take rates below the low of 3.50% priced into the financial markets,” he said in a note Wednesday.